Honey is made in the bee-hive from flower nectar. The process is a collective effort that requires honey bees to consume, digest and regurgitate nectar repeatedly. For this reason the nutritional properties of honey depend on the nectar available around the hive. A typical batch of honey compared with sugar looks like this:
You can see honey contains water and many trace vitamins and minerals that sugar doesn’t. That’s why honey is only 82% sugar by weight, while sugar is 99.9%… And that’s also why honey contains fewer calories than sugar. It’s hard to argue the winner here.
Honey is also reported to contain at nearly 200 different substances, especially antioxidants. Antioxidants are thought to protect against many forms of disease. The Glycemic Index (GI) ranges considerably depending on the type of honey, but the entire GI concept itself is unpredictable anyway.
Honey is not pure sugar. It also contains water and small amounts of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants, which vary depending on the type of honey.
The impact of honey consumption on blood sugar levels tends to be slightly better than regular sugar. One small experimental study on healthy subjects found that although 75g of honey did raise blood sugar and insulin levels in the first two hours, 75g of pure glucose raised them both significantly more. Similarly in type 2 diabetic subjects, honey also had a much smaller impact on blood sugar levels than pure glucose.
Honey spikes blood sugar levels immediately after consumption. However, after 60 minutes levels drop back down considerably quicker than they do after consuming regular sugar. This appears to hold true for healthy individuals and diabetics.
Several studies have looked at the addition of honey to the diet, rather than just as a replacement to sugar. Focusing on type 1 diabetics, a 12-week study found that additional honey improved short-term blood sugar levels as well as lipid profile (like cholesterol) and total fat mass. Unfortunately long-term blood sugar levels (HbA1c) were not measured, so we don’t know if those improvements had any lasting effect.
The longest similar study on type 2 diabetics was eight weeks. While they also found benefits for lipids and body weight, long-term blood sugar levels actually increased with added honey use. This makes sense on the surface, because honey is sugar after all. But the findings from that particular study actually contradict much of the evidence in this area. Surprisingly, honey does not seem bad when you consider all the other human and animal studies that supplement honey alongside anti-diabetic drugs. In fact, the weight of current evidence indicates additional honey is neutral at worst, and beneficial at best. While it’s romantic to believe that all diabetics should then be okay to eat honey, larger and longer human studies are desperately needed for a clearer picture.
Human studies have found mixed results when adding honey to the diet of type 1 and type 2 diabetics. Including animal studies, additional honey appears neutral at worst and beneficial at best.
When you consider that diabetes is a complicated metabolic disorder, any foods that can improve metabolic health likely influence diabetes management too. This would help explain why honey could be beneficial alongside anti-diabetic medications.
- Dark honey contains antioxidants: Two human studies showed that dark, buckwheat honey is a strong source of antioxidants. Antioxidants may help protect against many lifestyle diseases.
- Improves cholesterol and markers of disease: Several human studies have found that frequent honey consumption reduces high total cholesterol and LDL, improves HDL, and lowers inflammatory markers of disease.
- Topical Healing: Not a metabolic benefit, but honey appears to display medicinal properties when applied to the skin. It has been shown to kill bacteria and increase wound healing speed.
Honey is also linked to a host of other health benefits, ranging from gut health to the liver.
Honey is linked to a range of health benefits, including improved cholesterol and inflammatory markers.
So can diabetics eat honey?
Nutrition advice is very rarely black and white… honey is no exception. If you are overweight with poorly managed diabetes, there are foods you should eat, but honey is not one of them. Even though there is promising research using honey to improve diabetes management, results are inconsistent. It is actually in your best interest to cut out all forms of added sugar from your diet.
If you have well-managed diabetes, are not overweight and are otherwise healthy, then honey as a replacement for sugar is likely beneficial. I would certainly not go as far as to say additional honey is good for diabetes though; the evidence is not that solid. After all, honey is sugar, which is a root cause of the problem in the first place. If you’re healthy, active and don’t need to lose weight, then honey seems safe to enjoy. It is more nutritious than regular sugar (dark honey especially), so consider swapping them where possible. Just remember that while eating honey is better than sugar, eating neither is best.
